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1.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 98(1): 13-17, Jan. 30, 2003. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-331376

ABSTRACT

Furnas dos Dionísios is an Afro-Brazilian black community whose descendants were mainly fugitive slaves that established themselves in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brazil. The population is comprised mainly of low socioeconomic individuals who are engaged in agricultural activities. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis B (HB) and its correlation with epidemiological data obtained from the community. The studied population totaled 260 individuals with ages varying from 1 to 79 years (median 20). One hundred thirty-three (51.2 percent) were females and 127 (48.8 percent) were males. A high prevalence for anti-HBc was observed (42.7 percent), with present infection detected in 9.2 percent of the subjects who were also HB surface antigens (HBs Ag) positive; 27.3 percent were anti-HBc and anti-HBs reactive, and 6.2 percent had anti-HBc as only marker. The prevalence for anti-HBc was proportional to age, reaching its highest peak in age categories greater than 50. No serological marker was detected in children under the age of 2 years, however anti-HBc was present in 12 subjects with ages between 2 and 14 years, of these 8 (7.4 percent) were HBsAg positive. Among individuals over the age of 15 years, 99 were anti-HBc reactive, of these 16 (10.5 percent) were also HBsAg positive, thus suggesting an increased prevalence of HBV carriers among children and adolescents. The risk factors observed in this community that were significantly associated with anti-HBc positivity were age (over 20 years) and having an anti-HBc positive mother. Both HBeAg and anti-HBe were detected in 44.4 percent of the samples tested. HBsAg subtypes found in the studied population were adw2 (77.7 percent) and ayw2 (23.3 percent). While intrafamilial transmission was most likely responsible for HBV infection among children, other routes such as sexual contact might be considered for individuals with ages over 15 years


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Hepatitis B , Africa , Brazil , Epidemiologic Methods , Hepatitis B , Hepatitis B Antibodies , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens , Hepatitis B virus
3.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 97(5): 643-644, July 2002. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-321206

ABSTRACT

In order to investigate the hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection prevalence and risk factors in hemophiliacs in Central Brazil, 90 patients were interviewed and serum samples tested for HCV RNA and anti-HCV antibodies. An overall prevalence of 63.3 percent (CI 95 percent: 53.0-72.7) was found. Multivariate analysis of risk factors showed that number of blood transfusions was significantly associated with this infection. Most hemophiliacs received locally produced cryoprecipitate. All infected patients were transfused before the screening of blood units for anti-HCV. However, hemophiliacs who received exclusively screened cryoprecipitate were HCV negative. It confirms the expected decline in transfusion-acquired hepatitis C


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Hepatitis C , Hepatitis C Antibodies , Renal Dialysis , Biomarkers , Brazil , Confidence Intervals , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Hemophilia A , Hepatitis C , Multivariate Analysis , Prevalence , Risk Factors , RNA, Viral
4.
Rev. saúde pública ; 27(1): 30-5, fev. 1993. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-117677

ABSTRACT

Como parte de uma investigaçäo epidemiológica de campo, sobre hepatite B num município de características rurais do Estado de Säo Paulo, Brasil, foi estudada a distribuiçäo de marcadores sorológicos dessa doença segundo a área de residência e o local de nascimento dos indivíduos. Para o município estudado como um todo, a prevalência encontrada para um ou mais dos marcadores sorológicos de hepatite B foi de 7,7 por cento, com os habitantes rurais apresentando risco mais elevado que os urbanos (9,8 por cento e 4,9 por cento, respectivamente). A análise da positividade, de acordo com o local de nascimento, mostrou valores mais altos entre os migrantes provenientes de outros Estados do país (15,8 por cento), seguidos dos oriundos de outros municípios de Säo Paulo (9,2 por cento): entre os nascidos no município estudado e, particularmente em Ribeiräo Preto, centro urbano de localizaçäo próxima ao mesmo, observaram-se as menores prevalências (5,2 por cento e 2,5 por cento, respectivamente). Discute-se a importância de se analisar em estudos epidemiológicos, a procedência dos indivíduos, variável capaz de influir na história natural da hepatite B numa comunidade, e, eventualmente, explicar diferenças nas distribuiçöes de marcadores dessa infecçäo em populaçöes aparentemente semelhantes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Residence Characteristics , Internal Migration , Brazil , Hepatitis B/transmission , Hepatitis B Antibodies/analysis , Rural Population
5.
Rev. saúde pública ; 27(1): 36-42, fev. 1993. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-117678

ABSTRACT

A associaçäo entre prevalência de marcadores sorológicos de hepatite B e local de nascimento, verificado em estudo realizado num município de características rurais do Estado de Säo Paulo, Cássia dos Coqueiros, sugere existirem diferenças entre migrantes e näo-migrantes no que diz respeito a fatores de risco para hepatite B. Esses dois grupos foram analisados segundo as variáveis escolaridade, ocupaçäo profissional, número de hospitalizaçöes, antecedente de transfusöes sangüíneas e tipo de tratamento dentário prévio. A comparaçäo entre os grupos mostra que migrantes, particularmente de outros Estados do país, apresentam baixos níveis de escolaridade, elevadas proporçöes de lavradores empregados, maior número de internaçöes prévias e maiores exposiçöes a transfusöes sangüíneas e a procedimentos odontológicos mais agressivos. Observaram-se ainda associaçöes entre a prevalência de marcadores de hepatite B e as variáveis escolaridade, ocupaçäo profissional, número de hospitalizaçöes e tipo de tratamento odontológico, muito embora as duas últimas näo justifiquem as maiores prevalências entre os migrantes. A distribuiçäo de marcadores de hepatite B parece ser resultado da pior condiçäo socioeconômica dos migrantes, refletida pelo seu nível inferior de escolaridade e pela predominância de ocupaçöes secundárias


Subject(s)
Humans , Socioeconomic Factors , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Internal Migration , Brazil , Risk Factors , Hepatitis B/transmission , Residence Characteristics , Rural Population
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